Synchronism system



Nov. 10, 1931. c. R. BLUM v SYNCHRONISM SYSTEM Filed Sept. 11, 1929 5Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 10, 1 931. c. R. BLUM 1,831,735

SYNCHRONISM SYSTEM Filed Sept. 11. 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ar/A 007 5/4/07jfi az'rzey Patented Nov. 10, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE-SYNCHRGNISM SYSTEM Application filed September 1 1, 1929, Serial No.

It is a well-known problem to operate several engines locally separated,which cannot or must not be coupled to each other mechanically, ,in sucha manner, that their 5 number of rotations is absolutely equal or indefinite relation, which will remain constant at all speeds. Endeavorswere made to solve this task by means of synchronous motors connected toan alternate current net work, since the number of revolutions of thistype of motors as is well known possesses a fixed ratio in view of thenumber of cycles of the network. Plants of that type operating withsynchronous motors however show various drawbacks. Firstly a control ofthe number of cycles is practically not possible, since it is hardlyfeasible to carry through a change of the periodicity in the network,and secondly such motors must be 2 brought in the first line to theperiodicity of the network and corresponding to the synchronous numberof revolutions, before they are capable of continuing theirrunindependently. Finally the synchronism thus obtained is not absolute,since with these motors, as is well known, a certain slipping cannot beavoided under changing loads.

For that reason for the driving of devices to be synchronous in respectof another one, magneto-electric engines having a stator pole ring havebeen suggested, whose continuous current excitation is controlled by acontacting device coupled with the shaft of the other power engine insuch a manner, that a rotating field of force is formed, which thearmature can'follow. Though this way has shown better results than theemployment of synchronous motors, it was found, that suchmagnetoelectric engines are not capable of maintaining synchronismabsolutely and reliably. In particular" it was found that the armaturefailed to follow the stator rotating field in an absolutely reliablemanner, inasmuch as it sometimes will stick or slip to a small extentwith respect to the stator rotating field. 7

According to the present invention this drawback is obviated with theknown magneto-electric engines, so that the engine according to theinvention is capable of being 391,780, and in Germany September '27,1928.

used to advantage in many lines of work, for

instance in rapid or multiplex telegraphy.

According to the invention the exciting member of the electromagneticengine consists'of two co-axial pole rings, either of which will showpositive and negative poles and which are staggered with respect to eachother in such a manner, that in the direction of the axis of the machineunlike poles will face one another. Here the poles adjacent nected, forinstance, with a hand-driven I crankshaft, whose number of revolutionscan be changed within any desired limits.

In this instance the magneto-electric engine will accurately follow thevariations in the number of revolutions. The secondary magneto-electricengine controlled by the primary enginev in its turn may be likewiseconnected with a contacting device, serving for the control of one or aplurality of additional engmes.

A mode of execution of the invention is illustrated by way of example onthe drawmgs.

Figure 1 schematically shows the connection or" the primary andsecondary (magnetoelectric) engines,

' Figure 2 is a section through the magnetoelectric engine. a v

Figure 3 shows the arrangement of the poles of the magneto-electricengine.

Figure 4 illustrates the device for obtaining various ratios between theprimary and secondary engines.

Figure 5 is a development of the contact disc shown in Fi ure 4, and

Figures 6, 7 an 8 represent modifications of the arrangement accordingto Figure 5.

In the schematic arrangement as re resented in Figure 1 the primarymotor 1, w ose number of revolutions is to .coincide with that lead 18is common to all of the secondary motor 2, is connected by means of theconnectin arrangement described hereinafter. In exemplification theratioof the number of revolutions between the motors 1 and 2 is equal,that is. to say, both motors have the same number of revolutions. i U nthe shaft 3 of the primary motor 1, whi in a given case may be replaced,as already mentioned, by a machine aving an irregular number ofrevolutions, is mounted a controlling device 4 regulating the run of thesecondary magneto-electric motor 2.-

The contacting device mounted on the shaft 5 3 consists of the followingmembers: a disc 4 ppssesses a pluralit of conducting elements, w 'ch'are insulate from each other and electrically connected in three groupswith the collector-rings 5, 6, 7. The third collectorgo ringeach time isconnected in parallel, so that groups a, '6, a are formed. Suppose thegroup a is connected with the collector-ring 5, b with the ring 6 and cwith the ring 7. By brushes 8, 9 and 10 resting upon said ascollector-rings connection is obtained with the magneto-electric engine2 by way of the leads 11, 12, 13. The necessary voltage is supplied tothis arrangement through the brush. 14 sliding u on said conducting seg-80 ments and is tappe from the network 15 16,

which obviously could be replaced by a battery.- The connection with thenetwork is designated by 17. The network line 16 is connected with thema neto-electric engine 2b means of the lead 18. Naturally the 1003s 11,12, 13 and 18 may be of any desired type and length, so that any desiredlocal separation between the primary and secondary engines is renderedpossible.

Over these four mentioned leads 11, 12, 13 and 18 difierent oups ofelectro-magnets of the magneto-eldctric engine 2' are controlled. Inorder'to better illustrate the cooperation between the contacting deviceand t e engine 2, the magnets are designated by the same letter however,with an index. By the collector-segment a the oup a of magnets iscontrolled, by theco ector-segment b the group b of m ate and by segmenta the to group 0 Thus t 0 number of conductin groug of the device 4 isidentical'with the num rof groups of magnets connected in parallel. n Anarmature not wound and designated by 56 19, is rotatably mounted withinthe m ets, said armaturebeing secured to a sha 20, driving the device 21which is to be main tained in chronism. with the device 1. As from theillustration, the

' 60 magnets of one group are connected in sucr cession or series andsaid magnets are excited simultaneousl through one of the segments a, bor cof t e contact disc 4. The return grou 56 During the rotation othemotor 1 a segf;.-

g the pole-shoe 24 would place itself symmetrithe group a of magnets hasbeen excited, the

ment a will first pass beneath the brush 14, by which the group a ofmagnets is excited, then follows I; su plying the group b with currentand then t e segment 0. Thus'the direction of rotation of themagneto-electric engine 2 is dependent on the succession of' v theconducting segments of the contact disc 4.

' For sake of clearness in the schematic illustration in Figure 1 onlyone magnet is arranged at a time in the direction of the ma-' chineaxis, but in practice and as shown in Figures 2 and 3, always twomagnets 22 and 23 are positioned beside one another in axial directionand belong to the same group. This follows particularly from Figure .3.These magnets are connected in series so that the polarity of themagnets changes, whereby adjacent to a magnet 23 of the group a,possessing for instance north-m etic polarity, a magnet 23 belonging toii; group 6 1s A placed, having south-magnetic polarity.

The operation of the magneto-electric engine is more fully explainedwith reference to Figure 3 in which the arrangement of the poles isrepresented in plane development. The pole-shoes 24 of the armature 19are somewhat larger than half of the pole divi sion. By pole divisionthe distance between centers of even poles is to be understood. Thepole-shoes 24 of the armature thus are constantly subjected to themagnetic flux of four poles (two magnets 22 and 23 each of two differentgroups of magnets), by which the diagonally opposite corners thereof arealways excited by electricity of the same sign. The polarity can be madeout from Figure 3 left portion, in that there the letters N and g willindicate, which polarity the magnets 22,

23 and the pole-shoe 24 of the armature respectively possess. Accordingto generally 105 accepted physical principles always opposite polaritiesmust be formed, so that a northmagnetic polarity will be opposed by asouthmagnetic polarity.

From the right-hand half of Figure 3 various phases of movement of thepole-shoe 24 of the armature relativel to the stationary magnet can beseen. I the magnets belonging to the group a were to be excited only,

cally below the poles 28, 22 belonging to the group a (the position I inFigure 8 right hand side indicated in broken lines) Owing to the latentforce of rotation of the pole. wheel it will however move into thesymmetrical position marked II.

By the rotation of the contact disc 4, after group b also is excited.Owing to the width 125 of the brush 14 one is at liberty to select inspecial cases the period, during which groups a and b are excitedsimultaneously, in any desired manner, for through a wide brush 14 theinsulation sltuated between thesegments 130 However, owing to themomentum of inertia it will be pushed, as stated above, beyond saidposition, to wit in that position marked After the simultaneousexcitation of two groups of magnets is finished, the magnets a aredeenergized and only the magnets belonging to the group b are actuatedby the current. Owing to this the pole-shoe of the armature will befurther displaced in the direction of the arrow to the position V, in

which all four corners of the pole-shoe of the armature are changed intheir polarization throu h the different polarity of the magnetsbeIonging to the group 7).

During the passage from the group b of magnets to group 0 the sameperformance will be repeated, so that a descriptionther'eof may bedispensed with. It is easy to understand that the run of themagneto-electric engine is the more uniform the higher the number of thegroups or exciting poles respectively is chosen. Besides, it will be ofadvantage to interpose between the secondary magneto-electric engine andthe device to be driven, an elastic coupling or connection, form.

In order to render possible the constant change of polarity it isreferable to produce the pole-shoes 24 of the armature of very softiron. The shanks of said poleshoes are made of non-magnetic material.

. The cores of the exciting magnets 22, 23 are likewise made of .softiron, in order to have them lose their magnetism as quickly as possibleafter cessation of their excitation. This is done in order to maintainin the pole wheel the life force, which will be required, as

stated above, in order to-shift it each time beyond the magnetic centralposition.

It is of advantage for the most purposes of use, that the engine 1 andthe engine 2 run synchronously, but that they possess different numbersof revolution. According to a further feature'of the invention it ispossible by the arrangement described herein after to operate twodevices on different numbers of revolution but ensure inspite of thisthe synchronism of their movement.

The arrangements illustrated in Figures 4 and 6 are particularly adaptedfor purposes of that kind.

In these arrangements. too the principle represented in Figure 1 isapplied and a plurality of discs corresponding to the contact disc 4 inFigure 1 are arranged side by side and insulated from each other andwhich will in order to render the run more unitrol of the wholearrangement the displaceeffect according to requirements the control ofthe secondary magneto-electric engine 2. In the example illustrated inFigure 4 there are mounted on the axle 2 besides the contact disc 4 twoadditional controlling discs 26 and 27.

In addition to the three contact discs (4, 26, 27) referred to there issecured to the same shaft another contact disc 28 having a smallconducting element 29. The action of this disc is explained hereinafter.

In order to render more easy the understanding, the contact discs 4, 26,and 27, 28 are represented by evolvent. The contact disc 4 possessesfour conducting elements each belonging to'the groups a, b and a, thatis to say 12 elements altogether. In contradistinction the contact disc26 is provided with two of each of the conducting elements belonging tothe said groups, that is six conducting elements; and the contact disc27 has only three conducting elements. By means of this arrangementduring a rotation of the shaft 2 of the motor 1 and provided that theconnections are cut in the contact disc 4 will excite the individualgroups of magnets four times during such rotation of the shaft, whilethe contact disc 26 will cause such excitations twice, and when thecontact disc 27 is used only once. .The selection of the contact disceach time is effected by means of the brush 14, which is capable ofbeing displaced in axial direction. 1

In order to carry out a long-distance conment of the brush 14 can beeffected by means of an electro-magnetic device. The axle to which issecured the brush 14, can be displaced towards the right or left handside just according to the position of the said brush by means of theelectro-magnets 31 and 32. The brush 14 is connected with the lead 17and by this means either the contact discs 4, 26 or 27 are inserted intothe circuit.

The excitation of the electro-magnets 31 and 32 is e'fi'ected by meansof the selector switch 33. If the switch 33 rests upon the segment 34(drawn in dash and dotted lines) the left magnet coil 32 will beenergized and the brush 14 is displaced and pulled to the left, cuttingin the contact disc 4. When the switch 33 passes into the centralposition drawn in dash and dotted lines between the segments, bothelectro-magnets are energized to the same extent and the brush 14 canonly assume the central position, which is represented in Figure 4. Ifthe switch is shifted to the segment the brush 14 is pulled by theelectro-magnet 31 towards the right hand side on the contact disc 27. I

In order to ensure synchronism of the primary engine 1 and the secondaryengine 2 when changing from one ratio to the other, a contact disc 28having a conducting element 29, is provided. On this disc slide twobrushes 36 and 37 which are situated in the energizing circuit of boththe electromagnets 31. and 32. A- passage of current by way over theexciting coils and the source of current 38, supplying the lon -distancecontrol, can take place only if t e se ent 29 lies beneath the brushes36 and 37. he PO31:- tion of the segment 29 relatively'to the con tactdiscs 4, 26 and 27 is so chosen, that the change from one contact discto the other is effected in that instant, at which the conductingsegments of the same group rest below the brush 14, for it is obviousthat during the change there will be'a position in which the conductingsegments of two contact discs are bridged by the brush 14.

By selection of one of the three contact discs 4, 26 or 27 the ratio of.the number of revolutions of the primary engine 1 and themagneto-electric engine 2.in the example shown can be determined 1:1,1:2 or 1:3.

In lieu of displacing the brush 14 the collec tor device 4, 26 and 27.could be displaced and the brush remain stationary.

The variable ratio between the primar motor 1 and the secondary maneto-electric engine 2 can also be effected y the arrangement shown inFigure 6, which is similar to the arrangement illustrated in Figure 4.

Upon the shaft 2' driven by the motor 1 are mounted the three contactdiscs 4, 26 and 27.

In this instance, however, there slide three brushes 39, 40 and .41 uponthe contact discs. The said three brushes are interconnected and thecurrent is sup lied through the lead 42. On .an additional isc 43, alsoshown in Figure 7, there are provided contact pins 44, 45 and 46, whichare in connection each time with one of the conducting groups a, b and cand the contact discs 4, 26 and 27. This is indicated in the drawings inthat besides the number of the contact pin also the letters a, b and care shown.

B means of a disc 47 rotatable on the sha t 2, which disc also rotateswith the contact disc, adjustable relativelyto the disc 43, the contacts44a, 44b and 440 will-on the one hand efi'ect connection with thecontacts 48a, 48b, 48c, and on the other hand with 45a, 45b, 450 or 46a,46b, 460. The three pins 44 that is 44a, 445, 440 are in connection'withthe conducting segments of the contact disc 4. The pins 45 are connectedwith 26 and 46 with 27. The contacts 48 pro er are-conductivelyconnected with the sli ing rings 5, 6,

7, u n which slide the brushes 8, 9, 10.

Th: turning of the discs 43 and 47 relatively to one another is effectedby means of the screw wheelsv49 and-50. The worm-wheel 49 rotatablymounted on the shaft 2 meshes with the worm-wheel 50 which can be dslaced by means of the lever 51. The said I ever 51 is again actuated'bythe electromagnetic coils 31 and 32.. To the shaft 52 carrying theworm-wheel 50 is keyed a gearwith the wheel 53 meshing with a gear-wheel54 on the shaft 2. During the rotation of the shaft 2 the rotary motionis transmitted from the gear-wheel 54 to 53 and consequently to theworm-wheel 50. This latter meshes with the worm-wheel 49, causin thedisc 47 rigidly connected with the said worm-wheel to rotate at the samespeeches the shaft 2. If however, b the energizing of the magnet coils31 an 32 the lever 51 is dis laced, the worm-wheel will simultaneouslyshifted to the right or leftside. However, as wheel 50 meshes with wheel49 the worm-wheel 49 will be turned and the contacts provided on thedisc 47 shiftedto one of the other groups 44, 45 or 46 and consequentlyone or the other of the contact discs 4, 26 or 27 is cut in. Thus one isat liberty throu h this arrange-- ment to change the ratio of the numberof revolutions between the primary engine and the secondary metc-electric englne.

The change of t e ratio of the number-of revolutions need in no case'beeffected by hand as represented so far, but for the sake of secrecy intelegraphic lants or the like it will be advantageous change, throughany electrical or mechanical device, the ratio in irre ular rythm. Thiscan be done either through corresponding combinations of the relays,connected to a clock, or also entire- 1v mechanically through a;rotating curved isc.

In special cases it arrange near the secdndary magneto-electric en 'ne adevice, which ,will render it possib e to continue to turn thesecondaryengine 2 and consequently the-device 21 connected with it,without operating the motor 1. For carrying this through it is necessaryto interrupt the circuit between the contact device coupled with theprima engine and to form instead a fresh subsi iary circuit. For thaturpose in the arrangement according to 1 re 1 a switch 55 is provided,throu h w ich on displacing it towards the right and side, the lines 11,12. 13 are' interrupted and a fresh circuit is formed into which isinserted a device similar to or identical with the contact disc 4. Bymeans of a hand-actuated crank 56' a contact disc 57 can be vo ratedwhich corresponds to the contact isc 4. Uponthe disc 57 slides the brush58, which is connected with the lead 59. Y The conductin segments a, b,c are connected iding rings 60, 61, 62, which effoot the conductingconnections with the leads 63, 64, 65. By operating the crank the mag--e note-electric engine 2 is controlled in t same manner as'through therotation of the.

mechanisms, -a primary motor, a secondary magneto-electric motorcomprising an armsturehavin'g a plurality. ctpole pieces and a pluralityof groups of exciting magnets, means operated by the primary motor forcontrolling the supply of current to the magnets, means for varying theperiodicity'of the supply of current to the magnets for varying theratio of revolution of the m0- tors, and means operative to maintain asu ply of current and the synchronism of t e motors during a ratiochange action of the aforesaid means. p I

2. In means for synchronizing two driven mechanisms, a primary motor, asecondary magneto-electric motor comprising an armature having aplurality of pole pieces and a plurality of groups of exciting magnets,a contact device embodying a plurality of sets of contacts for supplyingcurrent serially to the'groups of magnets at different predeterminedperiods to regulate the ratio of revolution of the motors, and means formaintaining a supply of current to the magnets and the synchronism ofthe motors in shifting from one ratio to another. v

3. In a machine of the kind described, a plurality of commutator ringsarranged side by side and having the segments of each ring of an arcuatelength different from the segments of the remaining rings, means torotate the rings in unison, a magneto-electric motor comprising aplurality of groups of exciting magnets, a brush for supplying currentto said commutator rings, means to mount the brush for shifting from onering to another, and connections between the segments and groups ofmagnets arranged to supply current serially to the groups of magnets.

4. In a machine of the kind described, a plurality of commutator ringsarranged side y side and having the segments of each ring electricalconnections connecting the successive segments of each commutator ringto the successive collector rings in regular order, collector brusheseach engaging a respective collector ring, and conductive connectionsbetween the respective collector brushes .and the respective groups ofmagnets.

6. In a machine of the kind described, a plurality of commutator ringsarranged side by side and having the segments of each ring of an arcuatelength different from the segments of the remaining rings, means torotate the rings in unison, a magneto-electric motor comprising aplurality of groups of exciting magnets, the magnets of each group beinconnected in ser es and each group being 1n overlapping relation to theadjacent group, a brush for supplying current to said commutator rings,means to mount the brush for shifting from one ring to another, a seriesof collector rings revolving in unison with. said commutator rings,electrical connections connecting the successive segments of eachcommutator ring to the successive collector rings in regular order,collector brushes each engaging a respective collector ring, andconductive connections between the respective collector brushes and therespective groups of magnets.

' 'In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature.

CARL ROBERT BLUM.

' of an arcuate length different from the sag ments of the remainingrings, means to rotate the rings in unison, a magneto-electric motorcomprising a plurality oftgroups of exciting magnets the magnets o eachgroup bein connected in series and each group being in overlappingrelation to the adjacent group, a brush for supplying current to saidcommutator rings, means to mount the brush for shifting from one ring toanother, and connections between the segments and groups of magnetsarranged to supply current serially to the groups of magnets.

' 5. In a machine of the kind described, a

lurality of commutator rings arranged side y side and having thesegments of each ring of an arcuate length difierent from the segmentsof the remaining rings, means to rotate the rings in unison, amagneto-electric cups of exciting magnets, a brush for supp ying currentto sai commutator 'rin means to mount the brush for shifting rom onering to another, a series of collector rings revolving in unisonwith-said commutator rings,

